Basic Computer hardware Networking Definition

Computer :- An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form(0,1), according to instruction given to it in a variable program.

Hardware :- Computer hardware refers to physical part of a computer and related devices. Internal device includes motherboards, hard-drives and ram. External hardware devices includes monitors, keyboard, mice, printers, scanners.

Software:- Software is a set of program which is designed to perform well defined function in computer.

Network:- Computer network is a group of computers that shares information across wireless or wired technology.

Charles babbage is father of Computer, first computer built in early 1800’s.

BIOS- BASIC INPUT AND OUTPUT SYSTEM:- Bios is term that stands for basic input and output system, which consist of low level software that controls the system hardware and act as interface between operating system and the hardware. Most people know the term bios by other name- device drivers. The bios contain all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications and number of miscellaneous function.

CMOS-COMPLIMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR:- Motherboard also include a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM Chips which is kept alive by a battery known as CMOS battery. This prevents reconfiguration when the pc is off. The CMOS RAM is stored to basic information about pc configuration.e.g floppy, cpu, date and time, plug n play information, power saving setting.

Peripheral:- A peripheral is a device connected to a computer. It expands host capabilities but does not part of computer architecture. Input and output devices also called peripherals.

CPU- CENTRAL PROCESSSING UNIT :- It is also known as microprocessor or processor. IT is the brain of computer. The cpu is responsible for handling all instructions, it retrieves from hardware components and software programs running on the computer.

Intel and AMD are leaders in the market.

(ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES)

Processor: - 1- Pin processor

2- Pin less processor.

CHIPSETS:- A chipset is a group of small circuits that co-ordinate the flow of data to and from key components of a pc. This includes the CPU itself, the main memory, the secondary cache and any devices situated on the buses. The chipsets also control data flow to and from hard disks drive.

A computer has two main chipsets.

Northbridge:- it is also called memory controller. It control data transfer between processor and RAM, which is located near the processor. It is sometimes called GMCH (Graphic & Memory controller Hub).

Southbridge:- It is also called input/output controller of expansion controller. It handles communication between peripheral devices. It is also called as ICH(Input output controller Hub).

Chipsets manufacturers SIS, VIA etc.

Motherboard:- The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as motherboard or main board or system board. The motherboard act as the connection point where major computer components are attached to it. It holds many important component of system like processor, memory etc.

Cache Memory:- IT is a small block of high speed of memory(RAM) that enhances pc performance by preloading information from the main memory passing it to the processor on demand.

Expansion Buses:- An input/output pathway from cpu to peripheral devices made up of a series of slots on the motherboard. PCI is the common expansion bus in pc.

Memory:- More commonly known as RAM, memory is location where information is stored that is currently being utilized by operating system, software program, hardware device.

There are two type of Memory

1- RAM – Random access Memory(Voltile Memory):- It is memory that loses its content when computer or hardware device loses power. E.g RAM. We can perform read and write operations.

2- ROM- Read only Memory(Non Voltile Memory):- ROM stands Read only memory. It’s not loses data when power is lost e.g bios

Hard –disk :- Hard drive is the computer’s main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer. RPM(Revolution per minute) determines how fast your hard-drive will access data.

Typical RPM Value.

Desktop:- 7200 rpm

Laptop:- 5000 rpm

Server:-10000 rpm

The hard disk available in GB capacity . E.g 40GB, 80 GB.

Optical Disc drive:- It is used for reading & write data on optical drive depend upon the ODD installed.

CD-ROM: CD -Read

CD-REWRITABLE: CD- Read, CD - Rewrite

DVD-ROM: CD -Read, DVD- Read

DVD-REWRITABLE: - CD Read, CD – Rewrite, DVD- Read, DVD- Rewrite

COMBO:-CD Read, CD-Rewrite, DVD-Read

Capacity of one CD is 700 MB, while capacity of one DVD is 4.7GB.Capacity of blu-ray disc is 25 GB.

SMPS: Switching mode power supply:- IT provides supply to different part of computer.

The typical voltage produced by SMPS is

1) 3.3 Volt

2) 5 Volt

3) 12 Volt

The 3.3v and 5v used b digital circuit. 12 Volt used for running motors in disk drives and FAN.

Assembly Process(New PC Installation):-

Step 1:-

1. Firstly take motherboard & install processor as per manual given with motherboard

2. Apply a thin layer of cooling paste on CPU surface as well as bottom of CPU FAN.

3. Install CPU FAN as per manual given with motherboard.

4. Install RAM in RAM Slot, for supportability refer the motherboard manual.

5. Connect the CPU Fan power connector to the motherboard.

Step 2:

1. Install the I/O Shield as per manual.

2. Install Motherboard, SMPS, ODD,HDD in respective area.

3. Connect the power and data connector in respective area.

Step 3:

1. After Installing a PC ensure that all connection should be correct and proper.

2. If there is any mistake refer the motherboard manual.

3. All the wire inside pc should be bounded by Tie & appear should be good.